TABLE 2.
Measures of plasma FFAs, fetuin-A, and intestinal permeability markers on day 9 of each dietary period1
| Fructose | HFCS | Glucose | P-diet2 | |
| Zonulin, ng/mL | 12.78 ± 1.54 | 12.92 ± 1.49 | 12.69 ± 1.70 | 0.366 |
| LBP, μg/mL | 27.7 (19.8, 34.2) | 29.8 (21.5, 36.0) | 26.1 (21.7, 40.0) | 0.387 |
| Lactulose:mannitol ratio | 0.047 (0.031, 0.054)a | 0.031 (0.026, 0.035)b | 0.043 (0.031, 0.048)a | <0.001 |
| Lactulose recovery, % | 0.25 (0.19, 0.32)a,b | 0.22 (0.19, 0.25)a | 0.29 (0.24, 0.32)b | <0.0013 |
| FFAs, mEq/L | 0.28 (0.20, 0.38) | 0.30 (0.17, 0.47) | 0.40 (0.24, 0.51) | 0.121 |
| Fetuin-A, mg/L | 490 (404, 567) | 467 (418, 581) | 496 (414, 570) | 0.602 |
1
Values are means ± SDs or medians (IQRs) if nonnormally distributed data. n = 24. Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other, P < 0.05 (post hoc paired t tests with Bonferroni correction). FFA, free fatty acid; HFCS, high-fructose corn syrup; LBP, LPS-binding protein.
2
Reflects an overall comparison of the 3 dietary phases by repeated-measures ANOVA.
3
P value determined by the nonparametric Friedman test.