TABLE 1.
General characteristics by S100A9 polymorphism (rs3014866) genotypes in the studied populations1
| CORDIOPREV |
GOLDN |
BPRHS |
||||
| TT+CT | CC | TT+CT | CC | TT+CT | CC | |
| n (%)2 | 510 (71.7) | 201 (28.3) | 684 (83.6) | 134 (16.4) | 787 (68.1) | 368 (31.9) |
| Men/women, n | 431/78 | 165/37 | 337/347 | 67/67 | 228/559 | 111/257 |
| Age, y | 59.3 ± 9.23 | 60.0 ± 7.95 | 48.9 ± 16.3 | 48.7 ± 14.5 | 57.1 ± 7.7 | 57.0 ± 7.6 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 187 (36.7) | 91 (45.3)* | 49 (7.2) | 11 (8.2) | 312 (39.6) | 168 (45.7)* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.0 ± 4.2 | 31.1 ± 4.8 | 28.4 ± 5.8 | 28.7 ± 5.5 | 31.9 ± 6.7 | 31.8 ± 6.9 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 105.1 ± 11.5 | 105.1 ± 11.6 | 96.7 ± 15.7 | 99.5 ± 19.1 | 101.0 ± 14.4 | 102.0 ± 15.6 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.11 ± 0.78 | 4.09 ± 0.83 | 4.93 ± 1.02 | 5.05 ± 1.06 | 4.73 ± 1.12 | 4.69 ± 1.09 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.09 ± 0.23 | 1.07 ± 0.27 | 1.20 ± 0.34 | 1.18 ± 0.31 | 1.20 ± 0.50 | 1.18 ± 0.46 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.31 ± 0.63 | 2.25 ± 0.66 | 3.16 ± 0.82 | 3.31 ± 0.85 | 2.79 ± 0.90 | 2.69 ± 0.91 |
| Serum triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.46 ± 0.69 | 1.56 ± 0.85 | 1.59 ± 1.14 | 1.52 ± 0.95 | 1.66 ± 0.74 | 1.72 ± 1.28 |
| C-reactive protein,4 mmol/L | 22.9 ± 18.9 | 24.6 ± 21.1 | 2.38 ± 4.67 | 2.19 ± 3.71 | 33.5 ± 24.9 | 32.6 ± 24.8 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.27 ± 2.11 | 6.68 ± 2.54* | 5.64 ± 1.03 | 5.79 ± 1.41 | 6.52 ± 2.58 | 6.78 ± 2.64 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 78.0 ± 57.1 | 83.7 ± 61.6 | 83.8 ± 49.6 | 87.5 ± 49.4 | 101.7 ± 85.7 | 98.1 ± 86.0 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.83 ± 4.04 | 4.56 ± 6.98 | 3.61 ± 2.60 | 3.92 ± 3.16 | 5.46 ± 6.65 | 5.77 ± 8.89 |
| Physical activity5 | 22.4 ± 5.4 | 24.3 ± 8.8 | 33.8 ± 6.0 | 34.8 ± 7.5 | 29.1 ± 9.2 | 29.7 ± 9.0 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 48 (9.4) | 17 (8.4) | 55 (8.0) | 11 (8.2) | 201 (25.5) | 82 (22.3) |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 301 (59.0) | 116 (57.7) | 338 (49.4) | 68 (50.7) | 552 (70.1) | 251 (68.2) |
| Diabetes medication use, n (%) | 167 (32.7) | 84 (41.8)* | 33 (4.8) | 8 (6.0) | 258 (32.8) | 139 (37.8)* |
| Lipid medication use, n (%) | 435 (85.3) | 175 (87.1) | 114 (16.7) | 22 (16.4) | 318 (40.4) | 147 (39.9) |
Genotype frequencies in the CORDIOPREV were as follows: TT, n = 158; CT, n = 352; and CC, n = 201. Genotype frequencies in the GOLDN were as follows: TT, n = 266; CT, n = 418; and CC, n = 134. Genotype frequencies in the BPRHS were as follows: TT, n = 217; CT, n = 570; CC, n = 368. *P < 0.05 between carriers of the T allele and CC genotype for the corresponding variable in each population (univariate general linear model). BPRHS, Boston Puerto Rican Health Study; CORDIOPREV, Coronary Diet Intervention with Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention; GOLDN, Genetics of Lipids Lowering Drugs and Diet Network; S100A9, S100 calcium-binding protein A9 gene.
For all categorical variables.
Mean ± SD (all such values for continuous variables).
Measured with the use of different techniques in the CORDIOPREV, GOLDN, and BPRHS as described in Methods.
Measured with the use of different physical activity scores in the CORDIOPREV, GOLDN, and BPRHS as described in Methods.