Table 1.
General characteristics of participants, stratified by group (N = 25,449).
| Characteristics | n (%) or Mean (SD) | p * | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Total | High-Risk Group (n = 7116) | Moderate-Risk Group (n = 14,762) | Low-Risk Group (n = 3571) | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics: | ||||||
| Age, years | 25,449 | 50.0 (9.40) | 50.5 (9.17) b | 50.2 (9.32) c | 48.2 (9.97) | <0.001 |
| Female, yes | 25,449 | 15,937 (62.6) | 3556 (50.0) | 9595 (65.0) | 2786 (78.0) | <0.001 |
| Education, yes | 23,611 | |||||
| Some college or greater | 19,747 (83.6) | 5345 (80.6) | 11,507 (84.0) | 2895 (88.0) | <0.001 | |
| High school degree or lower | 3864 (16.4) | 1283 (19.4) | 2185 (16.0) | 396 (12.0) | ||
| Monthly household income, yes | 24,319 | <0.001 | ||||
| <2,000,000 won | 4886 (20.1) | 1485 (21.9) | 2827 (20.1) | 574 (16.6) | ||
| >2,000,000 won | 19,433 (79.9) | 5288 (78.1) | 11,252 (79.9) | 2893 (83.4) | ||
| Marital status, yes | 25,178 | 0.002 | ||||
| Married | 22,097 (87.8) | 6264 (88.5) | 12,797 (87.8) | 3036 (86.1) | ||
| Widow/Divorced/Separated/Single | 3081 (12.2) | 816 (11.5) | 1,776 (12.2) | 486 (13.9) | ||
| Coverage of health security, yes | 25,137 | <0.001 | ||||
| Health insurance | 24,401 (97.1) | 6823 (96.5) | 14,125 (97.1) | 3453 (98.0) | ||
| Medical aid | 736 (2.9) | 247 (3.5) | 417 (2.9) | 72 (2.0) | ||
| Health-related characteristics: | ||||||
| Current smoking, yes | 25,180 | 2872 (11.4) | 1226 (17.3) | 1466 (10.1) | 180 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, yes | 25,329 | 2299 (9.1) | 555 (7.8) | 1389 (9.5) | 335 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking, yes | 14,802 | 4257 (28.8) | 1581 (36.9) | 2266 (26.9) | 410 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| Healthy diet score | 25,246 | 6.8 (2.33) | 6.4 (2.36) a,b | 6.9 (2.30) c | 7.0 (2.32) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25,449 | 23.8 (3.15) | 25.9 (3.20) a,b | 23.4 (2.76) c | 21.7 (2.25) | <0.001 |
BMI: Body mass index; SD: Standard deviation; Physical activity: Moderate intensity activity ≥5 days per week; Alcohol drinking: Drinking ≥2 times per week; * Significance for between-group difference using either ANOVA or Chi-square test; a p < 0.05 Scheffe post hoc test for mean difference between high-risk and moderate-risk groups; b p < 0.05 Scheffe post hoc test for mean difference between high-risk and low-risk groups; c p < 0.05 Scheffe post hoc test for mean difference between moderate-risk and low-risk groups.