Table 2.
Changes in risk factors of metabolic syndrome over the SMESY intervention (N = 25,449).
| Time (Month) | High-Risk Group (n = 7116) | Moderate-Risk Group (n = 14,762) | Low-Risk Group (n = 3571) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | p * | Mean (SD) | p * | Mean (SD) | p * | |
| WC, cm | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | |||
| 0M | 88.9 (7.78) | 81.2 (7.61) | 75.6 (6.29) | |||
| 3M | 87.6 (7.58) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 87.2 (7.36) b | 80.8 (7.27) b | - | |||
| 9M | 87.2 (7.56) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 86.9 (7.38) d | 80.9 (7.31) d | 76.2 (6.77) d | |||
| SBP, mmHg | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| 0M | 132.7 (15.52) | 122.3 (14.80) | 112.2 (9.90) | |||
| 3M | 125.9 (13.74) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 126.2 (13.35) b | 120.1 (13.34) b | - | |||
| 9M | 127.2 (13.87) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 126.9 (13.38) d | 120.7 (13.34) d | 113.5 (11.22) d | |||
| DBP, mmHg | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| 0M | 84.1 (11.12) | 77.2 (10.60) | 71.0 (7.37) | |||
| 3M | 79.7 (9.87) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 80.0 (9.68) b | 75.9 (9.65) b | - | |||
| 9M | 80.3 (9.88) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 80.2 (9.61) d | 76.1 (9.47) d | 71.8 (8.10) d | |||
| HDL-C, mg/dL | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |||
| 0M | 41.2 (11.96) | 51.5 (14.48) | 62.8 (12.51) | |||
| 3M | 42.4 (11.39) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 43.8 (11.83) b | 51.0 (13.87) b | - | |||
| 9M | 44.8 (12.10) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 45.2 (12.12) d | 52.6 (14.07) d | 60.5 (14.52) d | |||
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | <0.001 | 0.495 | <0.001 | |||
| 0M | 208.4 (116.04) | 122.9 (70.05) | 84.6 (26.38) | |||
| 3M | 174.4 (98.77) a | - | ||||
| 6M | 172.8 (95.06) b | 123.8 (68.13) | ||||
| 9M | 177.4 (102.43) c | - | ||||
| 12M | 172.4 (96.62) d | 122.6 (66.06) | 95.7 (46.34) d | |||
| Glucose, mg/dL | <0.001 | 0.016 | <0.001 | |||
| 0M | 106.1 (24.00) | 95.7 (14.75) | 88.9 (6.80) | |||
| 3M | 101.1 (17.77) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 100.2 (16.75) b | 94.0 (11.54) b | - | |||
| 9M | 101.3 (18.84) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 101.2 (16.51)d | 94.9 (11.72) d | 90.5 (9.15) d | |||
SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SD: Standard deviation; SMESY: Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management; * p for linear trend using the linear mixed model after adjusting for age, gender, education, income, marital status, current smoking, physical activity, alcohol drinking, body mass index at baseline, and medications over 12 months; a p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 3 months; b p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 6 months; c p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 9 months; d p < 0.05: significant difference between baseline and 12 months.