Table 4.
Changes in behavioral lifestyle factors over the SMESY intervention (N = 25,449).
| Time (Month) | High-Risk Group (n = 7116) | Moderate-Risk Group (n = 14,762) | Low-Risk Group (n = 3571) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or Mean (SD) | p * | n (%) or Mean (SD) | p * | n (%) or Mean (SD) | p * | |
| Current smokers | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.506 | |||
| 0M | 1226/7072 (17.2) | 1466/14,577 (10.1) | 180/3531 (5.1) | |||
| 3M | 642/4680 (13.7) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 591/4529 (13.0) b | 944/11,949 (7.9) b | - | |||
| 9M | 281/2437 (11.5) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 380/3279 (11.6) d | 704/8816 (8.0) d | 171/3407 (5.0) | |||
| Physical activity | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||
| 0M | 1232/7097 (17.4) | 2995/14,682 (20.4) | 752/3550 (21.2) | |||
| 3M | 972/4109 (23.7) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 898/3972 (22.6) b | 2425/10,541 (23.0) b | - | |||
| 9M | 477/2140 (22.3) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 633/2911 (21.7) d | 1837/7746 (23.7) d | 699/2967 (23.6) d | |||
| Healthy diet score + | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| 0M | 6.42 (2.36) | 6.85 (2.30) | 7.00 (2.32) | |||
| 3M | 7.29 (2.21) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 7.49 (2.18) b | 7.53 (2.21) b | - | |||
| 9M | 7.37 (2.10) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 7.58 (2.17) d | 7.57 (2.15) d | 7.41 (2.22) d | |||
| Body weight, kg + | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 | |||
| 0M | 70.28 (12.26) | 61.64 (10.19) | 56.19 (7.96) | |||
| 3M | 68.82 (11.99) a | - | - | |||
| 6M | 68.44 (11.80) b | 61.00 (9.93) b | ||||
| 9M | 68.02 (11.77) c | - | - | |||
| 12M | 68.08 (11.51) d | 60.82 (9.86) d | 56.28 (8.09) d | |||
SD: Standard deviation; SMESY: Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management; Physical activity: moderate intensity activity ≥5 days per week; Alcohol drinking: Drinking ≥2 times per week; + Mean (SD); * p for linear trend using the linear mixed model after adjusting for age, gender, education, income, marital status, current smoking, physical activity, alcohol drinking, body mass index at baseline, and medications over 12 months; a p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 3 months; b p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 6 months; c p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 9 months; d p < 0.05: Significant difference between baseline and 12 months.