Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the review.
| Paper ID | Author and Year of Publication | Title | Country & City/Region | Latitude | Year(s) of Study | Sample Size | Age (Mean, Year) Female (%) | Only First-Ever Stroke | Stroke Subtype | Study Type | Study Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abe 2008 [29] | Effects of meteorological factors on the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a time-series analysis | Japan, Tokyo | 35.6833° N | 2005 | 1729 | 63.3 Female (60%) | No | SAH | Population study | ACDEF |
| 2 | Dawson 2008 [30] | Associations between meteorological variables and acute stroke hospital admissions in the west of Scotland | United Kingdom, Glasgow | 55.8580° N | 1990–2005 | 6389 | 71.2 Female (53%) | No | IS and ICH | Stroke registry | ACDE |
| 3 | Feigin 2000 [25] | A population-based study of the associations of stroke occurrence with weather parameters in Siberia, Russia (1982–1992) | Russia, Siberia | 61.0137° N | 1982–1992 | 2208 | Age range: 25–74 Female (57%) | Yes | IS, ICH and SAH | Stroke registry | ABCEF |
| 4 | Jimenez-Conde 2008 [17] | Weather as a trigger of stroke: daily meteorological factors and incidence of stroke subtypes | Spain, Barcelona | 41.3833° N | 2001–2003 | 1286 | Not reported | No | IS and ICH | Population | ABDE |
| 5 | Lee 2008 [31] | Seasonal variation in ischemic stroke incidence and association with climate, a six-year population-based study | China, Taiwan | 25.0330° N | 1998–2003 | 168,977 | Age range: 20–84 | No | IS | Population | AE |
| 6 | Magalhaes 2011 [32] | Are stroke occurrence and outcome related to weather parameters? Results from a population-based study in Northern Portugal | Portugal, Porto | 41.1621° N | 1998–2000 | 462 | All ages Female (62%) | Yes | IS and ICH | Stroke registry | ACDEF |
| 7 | Morabito 2011 [33] | Innovative approaches helpful to enhance knowledge on weather-related stroke events over a wide geographical area and a large population | Italy, Tuscany | 43.3500° N | 1997–2007 | 112,870 | All ages | No | IS, ICH and SAH | Hospital registry | ACDE |
| 8 | Han 2015 [34] | Effect of seasonal and monthly variation in weather and air pollution factors on stroke incidence in Seoul, Korea | South Korea, Seoul | 37.5667° N | 2004–2013 | 3001 | Age >19 Female (49%) | No | IS and ICH | Stroke registry | ACDEF |
| 9 | Chen 1995 [16] | Weather and stroke in a subtropical area: Ilan, Taiwan | Taiwan, Ilan | 24.7570° N | 1991 | 517 | All ages Female (39%) | No | IS, ICH and SAH | Population | ACDE |
| 10 | Fang 2012 [19] | Ambient temperature and spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a crossectional analysis in Tainan, Taiwan | China, Taiwan | 22.9999° N | 08/2006–07/2008 | 933 | 62 Female (39%) | No | ICH | Stroke registry | ACDEF |
| 11 | Gomes 2014 [35] | Triggering of stroke by ambient temperature variation: a case-crossover study in Maputo, Mozambique | Maputo, Mozambique | 25.9500° S | 08/2005–07/2006 | 593 | 58.8 Female (48%) | Yes | IS and ICH | Population | ABDE |
| 12 | Lai 2014 [36] | The association between meteorological parameters and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a nationwide analysis | USA, 41 states | 38.8833° N | 2001–2010 | 16,970 | Median: 53 (IQR 34–72) | No | SAH | Population | ADE |
| 13 | Lejeune 1994 [37] | Association of occurrence of aneurysmal bleeding with meteorological variations in the north of france | France, North France region | 47.0000° N | 1989–1991 | 283 | 49.1 Female (53%) | No | SAH | Community | ABE |
| 14 | Matsumoto 2010 [38] | Cumulative effects of weather on stroke incidence: a multi-community cohort study in Japan | Japan, 12 communities | 35.6833° N | 04/1992–07/2002 | 450 | Age ≥30 in 1 community, 40–69 in 11 communities | Yes | IS, ICH and SAH | Population | ABDEF |
| 15 | Nakaguchi 2008 [39] | Prediction of the incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from meteorological data | Japan Shin-ichi | 34.3319° N | 01/2001–12/2003 | 164 | All ages | No | ICH | Community | ADE |
| 16 | Shinkawa 1990 [40] | Seasonal variation in stroke incidence in Hisayama, Japan | Japan, Hisayama | 33.6468° N | 11/1961–10/1985 | 308 | Age ≥40, 74 Female (49%) | Yes | IS, ICH and SAH | Population | ABCDEF |
| 17 | Sobel 1987 [41] | Stroke in the Lehigh Valley: seasonal variation in incidence rates | United States, Lehigh Valley | 40.6646° N | 07/1982–12/1983 | 1944 | All ages Female (51%) | No | IS, ICH and SAH | Hospital registry | ABCE |
| 18 | Tsementzis 1991 [42] | Seasonal variation of cerebrovascular diseases | United Kingdom, West Midlands Region | 52.489471° N | 1973–1980 | 12,262 | All ages Female (53%) | No | IS, ICH and SAH | Hospital registry | AE |
| 19 | Wang 2009 [15] | Temperature variation and emergency hospital admissions for stroke in Brisbane, Australia, 1996-2005 | Australia, Brisbane | 27.4667° S | 1996–2005 | 12387 | All ages | No | IS and ICH | Population | ACE |
| 20 | Oyoshi 1999 [43] | Relationship between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and climatic conditions in the subtropical region, Amami-Oshima, in Japan | Japan, Amami-Oshima | 28.2500° N | 1986–1996 | 210 | All ages, 64.3 | No | SAH | Hospital registry | AE |
| 21 | Goggins 2012 [23] | Weather, season, and daily stroke admissions in Hong Kong | China, Hong Kong | 22.2783° N | 1999-–2006 | 130,962 | ≥35 | No | IS, ICH and SAH | Hospital registry | ACDE |
Abbreviations: IS: ischemic stroke; ICH: intracerebral haemorrhage; SAH: subarachnoid haemorrhage; N: north; S: south.