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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 27.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Lung Res. 2015;41(9):499–513. doi: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1091053

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

The effect of sulfation levels of heparin on phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (A), p38 (B), and NF-κB p65 (C). H292 cells were treated with either HMW heparin (500 µg/mL) or desulfated HMW heparin (500 µg/mL) in the presence of 10 µg/mL of LPS for 30 mins. HMW heparin significantly prevented LPS-induced phosphorylation of these signaling pathways. However, desulfated HMW heparin (DS-Heparin) had no significant effect on phosphorylation levels increased by LPS. * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01. Values represent mean ± SE for triplicate analyses, normalized to the “LPS only” group. (D) Representative Western blots for each signaling pathway are shown.