TABLE 1.
Clinical Characteristics
| Derivation Cohort (n = 71) | Validation Cohort (n = 71) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 62 ± 13 | 60 ± 14 |
| Female | 62 | 53 |
| Ethnicity (C, AA, H) | 96, 0, 4 | 96, 1, 3 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.2 ± 5.9 | 28 ± 4.2 |
| Creatinine, g/dl | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
| Hypertension | 58 | 58 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 | 24 |
| Dyslipidemia | 49 | 45 |
| Active smoking | 3 | 10 |
| Active cancer | 0 | 0 |
| Medications | ||
| Beta-blocker | 37 | 31 |
| ACEI/ARB | 34 | 30 |
| CCB | 20 | 12 |
| Diuretic agent | 40 | 31 |
| Statin | 42 | 45 |
| Insulin | 10 | 10 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 820 ± 1,266 | 662 ± 1,170 |
| RVEF | ||
| At rest | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.48 ± 0.07 |
| Exercise | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.07 |
| LVEF | ||
| At rest | 0.64 ± 0.09 | 0.62 ± 0.07 |
| Exercise | 0.65 ± 0.08 | 0.64 ± 0.07 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | ||
| At rest | 76 ± 14 | 77 ± 5 |
| Exercise | 128 ± 24 | 132 ± 29 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | ||
| At rest | 136 ± 19 | 142 ± 22 |
| Exercise | 182 ± 32 | 180 ± 38 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | ||
| At rest | 79 ± 12 | 75 ± 13 |
| Exercise | 88 ± 15 | 85 ± 15 |
| Workload, W | 90 ± 47 | 103 ± 49 |
| Peak VO2, ml/kg/min | 15.4 ± 5.8 | 17.3 ± 6.0 |
| RAP, mm Hg | ||
| At rest | 7 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 |
| Exercise | 11 ± 5 | 11 ± 4 |
| mPAP, mm Hg | ||
| At rest | 21 ± 9 | 23 ± 8 |
| Exercise | 38 ± 11 | 41 ± 13 |
| PAWP, mm Hg | ||
| At rest | 13 ± 5 | 11 ± 5 |
| Exercise | 21 ± 6 | 19 ± 6 |
| Cardiac output, l/min | ||
| At rest | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 1.5 |
| Exercise | 11.6 ± 3.5 | 11.2 ± 3.6 |
| PVR, WU | ||
| At rest | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 2.5 |
| Exercise | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1.4 |
| ΔPQ, mm Hg/l/min | 3.8 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 4.0 |
| PH at rest | 20 (28) | 27 (38) |
| ΔPQ >3 mm Hg/l/min | 35 (49) | 42 (59) |
| Exercise PVR >1.5 WU | 29 (41) | 39 (55) |
Values are mean ± SD, %, or n (%).
AA = African American; ACEI/ARB = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; C = Caucasian; CCB = calcium channel blocker; H = Hispanic; ΔPQ = change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; mPAP = mean pulmonary arterial pressure; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PAWP = pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PH = pulmonary hypertension; PVR = pulmonary vascular resistance; RAP = right atrial pressure; RVEF = right ventricular ejection fraction; VO2 = oxygen uptake; WU = Wood units.