Table 2.

Multivariable Analyses of Lifestyle and Hormonal Factors Associated With Low BMD and Two or More Components of the Frailty Phenotype

Variable	Low BMD, %	OR*	95% CI	≥ 2 Frailty Components, %	OR†	95% CI
Men
Smoking
Never	36.9	1.0		12.5	1.0
Current	48.8	1.71	1.02 to 2.85	26.8	3.26	1.65 to 6.43
Past	29.3	0.79	0.34 to 1.64	11.1	0.82	0.26 to 2.61
Alcohol consumption
Never	39.7	1.0		19.0	1.0
Moderate	41.3	0.98	0.60 to 1.60	16.4	0.83	0.42 to 1.66
Risky	33.3	0.65	0.37 to 1.13	8.6	0.39	0.15 to 1.01
Growth hormone status
Normal	35.5	1.0		9.8	1.0
Insufficient/deficient	43.5	1.59	1.02 to 2.13	25.2	2.97	1.56 to 5.67
Testosterone status
Normal	40.4	1.0		13.7	1.0
Insufficient/deficient	33.7	0.67	0.39 to 1.13	22.5	1.20	0.60 to 2.42
Women
Smoking
Never	19.6	1.0		27.3	1.0
Current	25.4	1.14	0.59 to 2.20	26.5	0.76	0.39 to 1.48
Past	14.7	0.66	0.23 to 1.89	39.4	1.56	0.70 to 3.46
Alcohol consumption
Never	15.4	1.0		30.3	1.0
Moderate	25.9	2.09	1.14 to 3.83	16.3	0.49	0.27 to 0.92
Risky	25.4	2.03	0.97 to 4.24	41.9	1.96	1.02 to 3.77
Growth hormone status
Normal	15.5	1.0		24.8	1.0
Insufficient/deficient	26.8	2.18	1.26 to 3.78	33.1	1.41	0.86 to 2.32
Premature ovarian insufficiency
No	19.1	1.0		27.2	1.0
Yes	28.9	1.61	0.76 to 3.39	36.6	1.12	0.53 to 2.42

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; OR, odds ratio.

^*Multivariable analyses adjusted for body mass index.

^†Multivariable analyses adjusted for age at follow-up.