Fig. 7.

Temperatures measured in the warming fluid (ethanol) entering (black) and leaving (grey) the thawing tubes of the chamber with warming device. Ethanol was equilibrated to 30 °C as the chamber warms in air, after 900s the ethanol was pumped through the thawing tubes at 4 L/minute. The temperature difference stabilized at around 10 °C, with average temperature rising as the biomass warms. Most of the alginate bead and ELS has thawed by 2600s, where the flow was briefly reversed to dislodge remaining ice. The chamber was removed from the warming circuit after 3000s.