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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ecol Indic. 2016 Apr 20;69:78–90. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.001

Table 2.

Sample size (N), mean, standard deviation (SD) and significant differences between groups of respondents (with group mean values) in the evaluation of the pictures of the questionnaire.

Picture N Mean SD Description (foreground) Significant differences
  1 964 6.94 2.29 Alpine pastures, lake Tourist (6.69) – local people (7.24)
  2 963 6.87 2.28 Timberline zone Age (<25: 6.53; 25–60: 7.07; >60: 6.65), tourist (6.68) – local people (7.09), city (6.42) – village (7.37)
  3 963 7.53 2.15 Alpine pastures, single trees Age (<25: 7.23; 25–60: 7.66; >60: 7.51)
  4 960 7.15 2.18 Meadows with hedges Age (<25: 7.23; 25–60: 7.66; >60: 7.51)
  5 958 4.59 2.36 Orchard plantation German speaking (4.31) – Italian speaking tourists (5.12)
  6 960 8.09 1.84 Mixture of subalpine forest and grassland –
  7 960 4.29 2.28 Village Age (<25: 4.58; 25–60: 4.12; >60: 4.49), city (3.73) – village (4.54), German speaking (4.02) – Italian speaking tourists (4.63)
  8 962 7.03 2.09 Alpine pastures Age (<25: 7.30; 25–60: 7.16; >60: 6.28), tourist (6.86) – local people (7.24)
  9 962 5.76 2.64 Alluvial forest Age (<25: 6.22; 25–60: 5.77; >60: 5.14), tourist (5.49) – local people (6.08), German speaking (5.26) – Italian speaking tourists (6.01)
10 961 7.5 1.99 Alpine pastures German speaking (7.29) – Italian speaking tourists (7.77)
11 963 6.27 2.25 Alpine hut, forest and forest road City (5.76) – village (6.74), German speaking (6.08) – Italian speaking tourists (6.71)
12 964 7.66 1.92 Alpine meadows, single trees Age (<25: 7.83; 25–60: 7.79; >60: 7.02) gender (female: 7.87; male: 7.43), tourist (7.53) – local people (7.82), city (7.31) – village (7.68)
13 963 4.74 2.22 Intensively used meadows, houses, street City (4.14) – village (4.89)
14 964 8.26 1.78 Steep meadows, rocks, trees, lake Gender (female: 8.43; male: 8.06), tourist (8.39) – local people (8.10), German speaking (8.20) – Italian speaking tourists (8.86)
15 960 6.43 2.24 Intensively used meadows, single trees German speaking (6.08) – Italian speaking tourists (7.20)
16 964 6.84 2.42 Scree slopes, rocks Gender (female: 6.70; male: 7.00), German speaking (6.73) – Italian speaking tourists (7.33)
17 962 6.62 2.08 Forest, forest road Tourist (6.88) – local people (6.31), city (6.59) – village (7.15)
18 959 7.39 1.96 Alpine pastures, meadows, trees Age (<25: 7.44; 25–60: 7.55; >60: 6.80)
19 958 6.41 2.45 River, gravel bars, rocks, forest Age (<25: 6.84; 25–60: 6.44; >60: 5.75), city (5.84) – village (6.60)
20 960 7.09 2.13 Alpine grassland, dwarf shrubs, young trees Age (<25: 7.54; 25–60: 7.16; >60: 6.30) tourist (6.84) – local people (7.40)
21 962 6.94 2.11 Timberline zone, alpine pasture –
22 959 4.47 2.15 Street, forest, village, grassland Age (<25: 4.26; 25–60: 4.42; >60: 4.90) city (3.96) – village (4.72), German speaking (4.34) – Italian speaking tourists (4.83)
23 962 6.06 2.33 Dense spruce forest –
24 963 6.29 2.36 Spruce forest, underground grassland City (5.58) – village (6.43)