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. 2016 Jun 27;18(6):e156. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5726

Table 3.

Health characteristics.

Characteristics Total
n (%)
Alcohol consumption Never 1218 (48.0)

1-2 standard drinks/occasion 648 (25.6)

3-4 standard drinks/occasion 299 (11.8)

5+ standard drinks/occasion 373 (14.6)
Chronic disease


No 1747 (68.8)

Yes 791 (31.2)
Depression diagnosis


No 1934 (76.2)

Yes 604 (23.8)
High depressive symptoms


PHQ-9 cutoff of 11 or above 741 (29.2)

PHQ-9 less than cutoff of 11 1797 (70.8)
Cigarette smoking


No 1725 (67.9)

Yes, 10 cigarettes or less/day 352 (13.9)

Yes, 11-20 cigarettes/day 310 (12.2)

Yes, 21 cigarettes or more/day 151 (5.9)
Attitude toward depression (Depression is a real illness)


Strongly agree/Agree 2184 (86.1)

Neutral 262 (10.3)

Strongly disagree/Disagree 92 (3.6)
Attitude toward anti-depressant medications (Do they help restore normal level of functioning?)


Strongly agree/Agree 1107 (43.6)

Neutral 1089 (42.9)

Strongly disagree/Disagree 342 (13.4)
Attitude toward counseling (Help restore normal level of functioning)


Strongly agree/Agree 1407 (55.4)

Neutral 843 (33.2)

Strongly disagree/Disagree 288 (11.4)