Example of inside-out characterization using Shaker-IR and BzAQ. (a) Command protocol used to open Kv channels in the inside-out configuration (see Note 6). (b) In inside-out configuration, Kv current is inward (from the bath to the pipette) but is displayed here as outward. The white bar indicates perfusion of 10 μM BzAQ onto the patch. Arrow indicates when the perfusion is stopped. 380 and 500 nm light irradiations are shown. (c) Superimposition of Shaker-IR currents elicited before BzAQ perfusion and during perfusion in the dark and under 380 and 500 nm light illumination, at time points 1, 2, 3, and 4 shown in (b). (d) Dose–response of BzAQ block under 380 and 500 nm light. Data points were fitted using the equation: y = ((A1 − A2)/(1 + ((x/IC50)n))) + A2, where A1 is the maximal current (without PCL), A2 is the current under maximal block, and n is the Hill coefficient. Capacitive currents have been cut or removed from (b) and (c) for clarity