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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Prod Rep. 2016 Apr 13;33(8):963–987. doi: 10.1039/c6np00017g

Fig. 6. Static and dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways for secondary metabolite production.

Fig. 6

(A) The flux of heterologous metabolite pathways can be balanced through static controls at the transcription level by tuning the strength of promoters and stability of mRNA or at the translation level by modifying the RBSs or interfering the binding of ribosomes to RBSs. (B) Metabolic pathways can be regulated by inducible promoters that respond to extracellular signals or dynamically tuned by promoters that respond to stress-inducing metabolite intermediates of heterologous pathways. Sensor-actuator pairs can also be used to control gene expression levels based on intracellular signals.