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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 17.
Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2016 Jan 27;9(5):1317–1329. doi: 10.1038/mi.2015.138

Figure 9.

Figure 9

S100A9 signaling is heightened in airway epithelial cells from COPD patients. (A) Fully differentiated human airway epithelial cells grown at the ALI from healthy, smokers and COPD individuals (n=4, 3 and 4, respectively) were infected with (B-E) RSV or (F) treated with S100A9 protein for 2 hours and washed with PBS. Apical surface washes were taken 24 hours later. RSV infection enhanced (B) S100A9 and (C) MCP-1 secretions. COPD cells had reduced (D) PTP1B activity and (E) higher viral titer compared to cells from healthy and smoker donors. (F) Extracellular S100A9 stimuli increased MCP-1 and G-CSF secretion greater in COPD cells compared to cells from healthy and smoker donors. Cells from COPD donors also released greater LDH levels onto the apical surface of cells than the other groups. Graphs are represented as mean ± S.E.M., where each measurement was performed 3 independent days on 3-4 donors/group. p values shown, comparing both treatments connected by a line.