Table 2.

Cloning and expression of α-amylase genes in heterologous hosts.

	Host	Gene length (bp)	Topt (°C) of recombinant α-amylase	pH optimum of recombinant α-amylase	References
Bacillus amyloliquifaciens	B. subtilis WB800	1542	60	6.0	Chen et al., 2015
B. licheniformis NH1	E. coli	1539	90	5.0–10.0	Hmidet et al., 2008
B. subtilis WB800	E. coli	1545	60	6.0	Chen et al., 2015
B. acidicola	E. coli	1479	60	4.0	Sharma and Satyanarayana, 2012
Bacillus sp. KR-8104	E. coli	1328	75–80	4.0–6.0	Sajedi et al., 2005
Bacillus sp. WPD 616	E. coli	1764	50	6.0	Liu et al., 2006
B. subtilis DR8806	E. coli	1545	70	5.0	Emtenani et al., 2015
B. subtilis PY22	Pichia pastoris	1960	60	7.0	Karakas et al., 2010
B. subtilis strain AS01a	E. coli	1977	70	6.0	Roy et al., 2013
Exiguobacterium sp. SH3	E. coli	1443	30	6.5	Emampour et al., 2015
Geobacillus thermoleovorans	E. coli	1650	80	5.0	Mehta and Satyanarayana, 2013a
G. thermoleovorans	E. coli	1767	80	5.0–9.0	Mehta and Satyanarayana, 2013b
G. thermoleovorans	E. coli	1542	60	7.0	Mehta and Satyanarayana, 2014
G. thermoleovorans YN	E. coli	1649	75	–	Berekaa et al., 2007
G. caldoxylosilyticus TK4	E. coli	1740	50	7.0	Kolcuoglu et al., 2010
Halomonas meridiana	E. coli	1371	–	–	Coronado et al., 2000b
Pseudoalteromonas sp. MY-1	E. coli	2007	40	7.0	Tao et al., 2008
Pyrococcus furiosus	E. coli	1380	100	5.5–6.0	Dong et al., 1997
Pyrococcus sp. KODl	E. coli	1383	90	6.5	Tachibana et al., 1996
P. woesei	Halomonas elongata	1400	90–100	5.5–6.0	Frillingos et al., 2000
Staphylothermus marinus	E. coli	2088	100	5.0	Li et al., 2010
Streptomyces lividans TK24	E. coli	1719	–	–	Yin et al., 1997
Thermobifida fusca	Pichia pastoris	1815	60	7.0	Yang et al., 2010
Thermococcus hydrothermalis	E. coli	1371	75–85	5.0–5.5	Lévêque et al., 2000; Horvathova et al., 2006
T. profundus	E. coli	1203	80	4.0–5.0	Lee et al., 1996
Thermoplasma volcanicum GSS1	E. coli	1872	80	–	Kim et al., 2007
Thermotoga maritima MSB8	E. coli	1269	70	7.0	Lim et al., 2003