| Age (years) |
64.0 ± 15.8 |
| Male |
1093 (72.4%) |
| Smoking (ex/current) |
412 (27.3%)/350 (23.2%) |
| Alcohol consumption (former/current social/current heavy) |
191 (12.7%)/275 (18.2%)/48 (3.2%) |
| Hypertensive heart disease |
520 (34.5%) |
| Diabetes mellitus |
658 (43.6%) |
| Hypercholesterolemia |
336 (22.2%) |
| Atherogenic dyslipidemia |
308 (20.4%) |
| Previous hospitalization for heart failure |
609 (40.4%) |
| Coronary artery disease |
631 (41.8%) |
| Old myocardial infarction |
376 (24.9%) |
| Previous valvular surgery |
70 (4.6%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease |
100 (6.6%) |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack |
138 (9.1%) |
| Atrial fibrillation |
393 (26.0%) |
| Permanent pacemaker |
48 (3.2%) |
| Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
25 (1.7%) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker/defibrillator |
15 (1.0%)/14 (0.9%) |
| Chronic kidney disease |
476 (31.5%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma |
166 (11.0%) |
| Cancer, receiving chemotherapy |
41 (2.7%) |
| Hyperthyroidism |
39 (2.6%) |
| Hypothyroidism |
31 (2.1%) |
| Depression |
23 (1.5%) |
| Sleep apnea |
40 (2.7%) |
