Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study patients.
| Parameters (N = 79) | |
| Age, yrs | 84 ± 5 |
| Gender, male | 51% |
| Hypertension | 66% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23% |
| NYHA class (I-IV) | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
| Presence of AF | 28% |
| CAD | 67% |
| PAD | 28% |
| CKD | 27% |
| COPD | 37% |
| Prior MI | 14% |
| Prior PCI | 19% |
| Prior CABG | 20% |
| Prior CVE | 14% |
| Echocardiography | |
| Left ventricular parameters | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 53 ± 12 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 4.7 ± 0.7 |
| LVESD (cm) | 3.1 ± 0.8 |
| LVEDV | 106 ± 44 |
| LVESV | 53 ± 35 |
| IVS (cm) | 1.39 ± 0.19 |
| PW (cm) | 1.29 ± 0.17 |
| LV mass (gr) | 302 ± 84 |
| Left atrial parameters | |
| LA diameter (cm) | 4.3 ± 0.5 |
| LA area | 26 ± 6 |
| Doppler echocardiography | |
| Mitral regurgitation degree | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Mitral regurgitation duration % | 43 ± 19 |
| Mitral tenting height(cm) | 0.47 ± 0.23 |
| Mitral annulus (diastolic) (cm) | 3.1 ± 0.5 |
| Mitral annulus (systolic) (cm) | 2.4 ± 0.5 |
| Mitral E velocity (cm/s) | 103 ± 33 |
| Mitral A velocity (cm/s) | 98 ± 36 |
| DT (ms) | 224 ± 75 |
| Mitral inflow E duration % | 34 ± 8 |
| MAC (presence) | 61% |
| MAC severity (median) | 0.85 ± 0.79 [1 (0-3)] |
| AVA | 0.66 ± 0.16 |
| Aortic ejection duration % | 36 ± 5 |
| Maximum aortic gradient (mmHg) | 84 ± 24 |
| Mean aortic gradient (mmHg) | 48 ± 15 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 1.6 ± 0.8 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 41 ± 14 |
| Medications | |
| ACEi | 47% |
| Statin | 65% |
A significant p value was accepted as < 0.05.
ACEi, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; AVA, aortic valve area; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVE, cerebrovascular event; DT, deceleration time; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; MAC, mitral annulus calcification; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PW, posterior wall.