[Table/Fig-3]:

Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Important Facts [2].

Krichenko Angiographic Classification [6]	Type A (conical)	Type B (window)	Type C (tubular)	Type D (complex)	Type E (elongated)
Incidence	1 in 2500 to 5000 live births. (7) M:F 1:3.
Association	Duct-dependent conditions (hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aortic arch); Pulmonary atresia.
Syndromes	Chromosomal aberrations (trisomy 21 and 4p- syndrome), single-gene mutations (Carpenter’s syndrome and Holt-Oram Syndrome), X-linked mutations (incontinentia pigmenti). Char syndrome (an inherited disorder with PDA, facial dimorphism and hand anomalies)
Imaging Features Plain	Cardiomegaly	Pulmonary Plethora	Prominent ascending aorta and arch	Focal aortic dilatation (ductus bump)	LA enlargement
Imaging Features Specific	Echo Colour Doppler more useful MRI for defining anatomy in unusual PDA geometry and in associated anomalies of aortic arch (right aortic arch, cervical arch) CT can assess degree of calcification in adult PDA[2,5]
Management	Transcatherter closure (Small PDA < 4mm Gianturco stainless coils; larger PDA Amplatzer device) [3,5] Surgical ligation (though thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic ligation)