Table 2.
Characteristics associated with anemia in school aged children 5.00–14.99 years in Mexico and Colombia.
| Characteristics | Mexico | Colombia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia (%) * | UnAdj (95% CI) | ** Adj OR (95% CI) | p-Value ‡ | Anemia (%) * | UnAdj (95% CI) | ** Adj OR (95% CI) | p-Value ‡ | |
| Continuous | ||||||||
| 1 CRP (ng/mL) | - | - | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.16 | - | - | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) | 0.23 |
| Categorical | ||||||||
| 2 Age (years) | ||||||||
| <12.0 years | 12.0 | 4.4 | ||||||
| 12.0–14.99 years | 10.1 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.19 | 3.7 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.0) | 0.08 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 11.0 | 4.3 | ||||||
| Female | 12.2 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.30 | 4.1 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.90 |
| 3 Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non Black | 3.8 | |||||||
| Black | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7.1 | 1.9 (0.4–2.7) | 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 0.005 |
| 4 Asset | ||||||||
| All Other | 11.1 | 3.3 | ||||||
| Poorest | 13.0 | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.55 | 6.7 | 2.1 (1.6–2.9) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 0.0005 |
| 5 Low Ferritin % | ||||||||
| No | 10.9 | 3.7 | ||||||
| Yes | 14.8 | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.02 | 9.3 | 2.7 (1.9–3.7) | 2.7 (2.0–3.8) | <0.0001 |
| 6 Overweight | ||||||||
| No | 12.6 | 4.3 | ||||||
| Yes | 5.5 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.007 | 1.7 | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.11 |
| 7 Stunting | ||||||||
| No | 11.7 | 3.9 | ||||||
| Yes | 11.6 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.51 | 6.3 | 1.7 (1.1–2.4) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 0.02 |
* Percentage of SAC with anemia in each predictor group of interest ‡ p value is for association between the given factor and anemia in the multivariable model, null hypothesis for p-value is that Odds Ratio (OR) = 1 ** Adjusted for all other variables in the table, anemia OR is presented for a multivariable logistic model (outcome = anemia) that accounted for cluster study design: sample size available in each country for multivariable model—Mexico (n = 3644), Colombia (n = 8390). 1 CRP: C-Reactive Protein; used as a continuous variable; 2 Age categories based on 12 years as the average of menarche for girls in each of the two countries, grouped for analysis as Age < 12.0 and Age 12.0–14.99 years; 3 Grouped for analysis as Black and Non-Black; 4 Grouped for analysis as Poorest and All Other. Original categories per PCA Asset Index—Poorest, Poor, Average, Rich, Richest; 5 Low Ferritin defined as: Age ≥ 5 years, SF < 15 µg/L; 6 Grouped for analysis with Overweight = BAZ > 2 (Y/N); 7 Grouped for analyses with Stunting = HAZ < −2 (Y/N). N/A: No ethnicity information in MX.