Table 2.
Pairwise comparisons for perceptual responses during repeated sprints.
| Treatment Comparisons | Perceptual Response Difference (Scale Units) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | Abdominal Cramp | Fullness | Effort | Tiredness | Leg Strength | ||
| Low HMS–G | Mean effect | 17.9; ±14.1 | 5.0; ±6.1 | 1.9; ±8.0 | 1.5; ±3.5 | 1.4; ±5.6 | −2.4; ±7.5 |
| Inference* | likely moderate | likely moderate | unclear | likely trivial | unclear | unclear | |
| Iso HMS–G | Mean effect | 17.2; ±18.2 | 2.1; ±7.1 | 5.9; ±11.8 | −2.3; ±4.0 | 4.9; ±5.5 | −4.8; ±5.6 |
| Inference | likely moderate | unclear | unclear | likely trivial | possibly small | possibly small | |
| Iso HMS–Low HMS | Mean effect | −0.7; ±16.9 | −2.8; ±4.1 | 4.0; ±7.8 | −3.8; ±6.3 | 3.6; ±4.5 | −2.4; ±6.6 |
| Inference | unclear | possibly small | possibly trivial | possibly trivial | possibly small | unclear | |
Note: Data is presented as scale unit differences between treatments ±90% confidence interval. G, a glucose and sucrose-based supplement; Low HMS, low dose of hydrothermally-modified starch; Iso HMS, an isocaloric dose (relative to G) of hydrothermally-modified starch; * determination of inferences and effect sizes is described in the methods section.