Table 3.

Effect of gastrointestinal distress on mean sprint power.

	Relative Difference (%) in Mean Sprint Power
	Low HMS–G	Iso HMS–G	Iso HMS–Low HMS
Unadjusted mean sprint power	−5.0; ±5.3	−0.6; ±3.0	4.4; ±3.2
	likely small	likely trivial	likely small
Effect of gastrointestinal distress	−5.5; ±2.2	−1.4; ±1.4	−0.3; ±0.2
	very likely small **	unclear	Unclear **
Effect independent of gastrointestinal distress	0.4; ±3.5	0.8; ±3.1	4.7; ±2.7
	Unclear **	likely trivial	likely small
Effect of Individual Symptoms
Effect of nausea	−5.2; ±2.7	−1.4; ±1.6	0.1; ±0.1
	Unclear **	likely trivial **	Unclear **
Effect independent of nausea	0.1; ±4.2	0.9; ±3.2	4.4; ±2.7
	Unclear **	likely trivial **	likely small
Effect of abdominal cramp	−2.9; ±2.0 **	−0.3; ±0.6	0.4; ±1.4
	unclear	most likely trivial **	Unclear **
Effect independent of abdominal cramp	−2.0; ±4.4 **	−0.2; ±3.1	4.0; ±3.7
	possibly trivial	Unclear **	possibly small **

Note: Data is presented as relative differences between treatments ±90% confidence interval. G, a glucose and sucrose-based supplement; Low HMS, low dose of hydrothermally-modified starch; Iso HMS, an isocaloric dose (relative to G) of hydrothermally-modified starch; * gastrointestinal distress refers only to effects of nausea and abdominal cramp because ratings of fullness did not correlate with changes in performance; ** indicates a change in effect magnitude and/or inference mediated by the covariate.