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. 2016 Jul 9;8(7):419. doi: 10.3390/nu8070419

Table 2.

Dietary habits pre- and post-diagnosis of cancer.

Food Frequency Intake Prostate Cancer (n = 326) McNemar’s Test * Other Cancers (n = 394) McNemar’s Test ** Controls (n = 629) p Value χ2 Test
Pre- Post p Value Pre- Post p Value n % Pre- & Post
n % n % n % n %
Meats <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 33 10.1 142 43.6 45 11.4 232 58.9 169 26.9 <0.001
≥3 days/week 293 89.9 184 56.4 349 88.6 162 41.1 460 73.1
Fish <0.001 <0.001 NS
<3 days/week 313 96.0 229 70.2 382 97 297 75.4 603 95.9 NS
≥3 days/week 13 4.0 97 29.8 12 3.0 97 24.6 26 4.1
Dairy NS 0.05 <0.001
<3 days/week 92 28.2 95 29.1 125 31.7 150 38.1 128 20.3 0.012
≥3 days/week 234 71.8 231 70.9 269 68.3 244 61.9 501 79.7
Fruits <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 186 57.1 133 40.8 212 53.8 133 33.8 174 27.7 0.051
≥3 days/week 140 42.9 193 59.2 182 46.2 261 66.2 455 72.3
Red fruits <0.001 0.004 <0.001
<3 days/week 257 78.8 122 37.4 213 54.1 247 62.7 261 41.5 <0.001
≥3 days/week 69 21.2 204 62.6 181 45.9 147 37.3 368 58.5
Green salads 0.03 0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 163 50.0 141 43.3 148 37.6 188 47.8 218 34.7 NS
≥3 days/week 163 50.0 185 56.7 246 62.4 205 52.2 411 65.3
Cruciferous vegetables <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 313 96.0 234 71.8 375 95.2 288 73.1 559 88.9 NS
≥3 days/week 13 4.0 92 28.2 19 4.8 106 26.9 70 11.1
Legumes 0.001 0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 233 95.9 217 89.3 291 93.3 275 88.1 449 88.4 NS
≥3 days/week 10 4.1 26 10.7 21 6.7 37 11.9 97 17.8
Nuts <0.001 <0.001 0.011
<3 days/week 302 92.6 222 68.1 369 93.7 297 75.4 557 88.6 0.030
≥3 days/week 24 7.4 104 31.9 25 6.3 97 24.6 72 11.4
Seeds NS 0.039 <0.001
<3 days/week 236 96.7 232 95.1 303 97.1 296 94.9 464 85.0 NS
≥3 days/week 8 3.3 12 4.9 9 2.9 16 5.1 82 15.0
Whole grains <0.001 0.052 <0.001
<3 days/week 199 81.6 221 90.6 273 87.5 257 82.4 342 62.6 0.006
≥3 days/week 45 18.4 23 9.4 39 12.5 55 17.6 204 37.4
Fat-Rich foods <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 123 37.7 223 68.4 118 29.9 233 59.1 404 64.2 0.010
≥3 days/week 203 62.3 103 31.6 276 70.1 161 40.9 225 35.8
Sugar-Rich foods 0.007 NS NS
<3 days/week 117 35.9 152 46.6 156 39.6 153 38.8 241 38.3 0.035
≥3 days/week 209 64.1 174 53.4 238 60.4 241 61.2 388 61.7
Black tea 0.002 <0.001 0.038
<3 days/week 244 74.8 212 65.0 318 80.7 238 60.4 513 81.7 NS
≥3 days/week 82 25.3 114 35.0 76 19.3 156 39.6 115 18.3
Coffee <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
<3 days/week 148 45.4 232 71.2 221 56.1 302 76.6 439 69.8 NS
≥3 days/week 178 54.6 94 28.8 173 43.9 92 23.4 190 30.2
Mate 0.017 <0.001 NS
<3 days/week 71 21.8 96 29.4 90 22.8 196 49.7 144 22.9 <0.001
≥3 days/week 255 78.2 230 70.6 304 77.2 198 50.3 485 77.1
Water 0.001
<2 liters/day 187 76.6 - - - 200 64.1 - - - 348 63.7
≥2 liters/day 57 23.4 - - - 112 35.9 - - - 198 36.3

* McNemar’s test for Prostate Cancer group; ** McNemar’s test for Other Cancers group; NS: non-significant (p ˃ 0.05).