Table 3.
Associations * between types of dairy foods and anthropometric indicators of growth (in z-scores) and central adiposity.
| Dairy Food | BMIZ * | WAZ * | HAZ * | WHtR * | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |
| Basic Model a | ||||||||||||
| Total Dairy, serving/day | 0.16 | −0.08, 0.39 | 0.186 | 0.30 | 0.07, 0.53 | 0.010 | 0.27 | 0.04, 0.50 | 0.021 | 1.40 | −1.02, 3.83 | 0.255 |
| Milk, serving/day | 0.13 | −0.07, 0.34 | 0.199 | 0.17 | −0.29, 0.37 | 0.094 | 0.12 | −0.08, 0.32 | 0.226 | 0.78 | −1.33, 2.90 | 0.467 |
| Full fat | −0.04 | −0.18, 0.09 | 0.514 | 0.01 | −0.12, 0.15 | 0.840 | 0.11 | −0.02, 0.24 | 0.085 | −0.00 | −0.01, 0.00 | 0.310 |
| Low-fat | 0.02 | −0.09, 0.13 | 0.730 | 0.07 | −0.04, 0.17 | 0.229 | 0.09 | −0.01, 0.20 | 0.082 | 0.00 | −0.01, 0.01 | 0.655 |
| Non-fat | 0.14 | −0.03, 0.30 | 0.109 | 0.08 | −0.08, 0.24 | 0.31 | −0.11 | −0.25, 0.04 | 0.142 | 0.01 | −0.00, 0.02 | 0.137 |
| Cheese, serving/day | 0.11 | −0.15, 0.37 | 0.392 | 0.23 | −0.02, 0.49 | 0.071 | 0.20 | −0.05, 0.45 | 0.122 | 0.88 | −1.79, 3.54 | 0.519 |
| Sweetened dairy, serving/day | 0.11 | −0.25, 0.49 | 0.530 | 0.23 | −0.13, 0.58 | 0.205 | 0.28 | −0.06, 0.63 | 0.114 | 1.21 | −2.51, 4.93 | 0.522 |
| Fully Adjusted Model a | ||||||||||||
| Total Dairy, serving/day | 0.08 | −0.17, 0.33 | 0.519 | 0.25 | 0.01, 0.49 | 0.045 | 0.28 | 0.04, 0.52 | 0.021 | 0.00 | −0.01, 0.02 | 0.808 |
| Milk, serving/day | 0.08 | −0.14, 0.29 | 0.472 | 0.13 | −0.08, 0.33 | 0.236 | 0.13 | −0.08, 0.33 | 0.240 | 0.00 | −0.01, 0.01 | 0.843 |
| Full-fat | −0.05 | −0.19, 0.08 | 0.445 | 0.01 | −0.13, 0.15 | 0.878 | 0.12 | −0.01, 0.25 | 0.066 | −0.01 | −0.01, 0.00 | 0.286 |
| Low-fat | 0.02 | −0.09, 0.13 | 0.678 | 0.08 | −0.03, 0.18 | 0.158 | 0.12 | 0.01, 0.23 | 0.036 | 0.00 | −0.01, 0.01 | 0.691 |
| Non-fat | 0.14 | −0.03, 0.31 | 0.102 | 0.07 | −0.09, 0.23 | 0.309 | −0.12 | −0.27, 0.03 | 0.127 | 0.01 | −0.00, 0.02 | 0.098 |
| Cheese, serving/day | 0.09 | −0.17, 0.35 | 0.505 | 0.21 | −0.05, 0.46 | 0.107 | 0.20 | −0.06, 0.45 | 0.129 | 0.00 | −0.02, 0.02 | 0.891 |
| Sweetened dairy, serving/day | 0.12 | −0.25, 0.48 | 0.530 | 0.28 | −0.08, 0.63 | 0.122 | 0.28 | −0.08, 0.63 | 0.127 | 0.00 | −0.02, 0.02 | 0.873 |
* Multiple linear regression analyses used to determine relationships; BMIZ = body mass index z-score; WAZ = weight-for-age z-score; HAZ = height-for-age z-score; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio; a Basic Model adjusted for age, site, ethnicity, education of mother, and energy intake; Fully-adjusted model includes the basic model plus additional adjustment for soda intake, physical activity, and milk substitutes intake (for total dairy and milk only).