Table 1.

Demographic characteristics and selected celiac disease-associated data on untreated, short-term (1–2 years) treated and long-term (≥3 years) treated celiac patients and healthy controls.

		Celiac Patients on a GFD n = 728
	Untreated Patients n = 128	Short Treatment n = 93	Long Treatment n = 635	Non-Celiac Controls n = 160
Females, %	76	72	75	72
Current age, median (range)	47 (15–72)	51 (16–80)	55 (17–85)	55 (23–87)
GFD, median (range), years.	0	1 (1–2)	12 (3–48)	0
Mode of presentation at diagnosis, %
Gastrointestinal	66	63	64	0
Extraintestinal a	12	16	19	0
Screen-detected b	23	20	17	0
Celiac disease in family, %	47	54	61	0
Self-reported strictness of GFD, (%)
Strict diet	0	93	94	0
Occasional gluten	0	7	6	0
No diet	100	0	0	100
Positive EMA, %	93	8 c	3 c,d	0 e
VH/CrD, mean (95% CI)	0.5 (0.4–0.6)	2.7 (2.5–2.9) c,f	2.8 (2.6–2.9) c,g	3.2 (3.0–3.3) h

^a Dermatitis herpetiformis, aphtous ulcerations, enamel defects, elevated liver enzymes, neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, infertility or early menopause; ^b Family history of celiac disease, type I diabetes, thyroidal disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, Addison’s disease, IgA nephropathy; ^c p < 0.001 compared with untreated patients; ^d p = 0.028 compared with short treatment group; ^e–h Data available on ^e 50 subjects, ^f 20 subjects, ^g 191 subjects and ^h 35 subjects. GFD, gluten-free diet; EMA, endomysial antibodies; VH/CrD, small-bowel mucosal villous height crypt depth ratio; CI, confidence interval.