Table 1.
First version of SAI
| No. | Question | Major reference (minor references) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having borrowed money from friends or financial institutions or sold anything to get money to invest or trade | PGSI (FMGQ, DSM-5 gambling disorder) |
| 2 | Having regretted or felt guilty about my excessive investments or trading | PGSI |
| 3 | Having heard from others that I had problems with my investments or trading, regardless of whether I thought it was true | PGSI (FMGQ) |
| 4 | My investments or trading has caused financial problems for me or my household | PGSI |
| 5 | Having bet more than I could really afford to lose | PGSI (FMGQ) |
| 6 | Having returned another day to try to win back the money I lost when investing or trading | PGSI (FMGQ, DSM-5 gambling disorder) |
| 7 | My investments or trading has caused me health problems, including stress or anxiety | PGSI |
| 8 | Having invested or traded to escape or alleviate negative moods (e.g., depression, anxiety, helplessness, guilt, stress) | DSM-5 gambling disorder (FMGQ) |
| 9 | Having lied to family or others about how much I invest or trade or the amount of money involved in my investments or trading | DSM-5 gambling disorder (FMGQ) |
| 10 | Having failed in my attempt to cut down or stop my investments or trading | DSM-5 gambling disorder (FMGQ) |
| 11 | Having neglected or felt difficulties in family, occupational, or social lives, because of my investments or trading | DSM-5 gambling disorder (FMGQ) |
| 12 | Having felt a craving or a strong desire or urge to make a great deal of money from my investments or trading | DSM-5 other substance use disorders |
| 13 | Having spent increasing time or money on my investments or trading | PGSI (FMGQ, DSM-5 gambling disorder) |
| 14 | Having been nervous, irritable, or anxious when trying to cut down or stop my investments or trading | DSM-5 gambling disorder |
| 15 | Thoughts of reliving past investing or trading experiences, or expectations for next investments or trading have been an important part of my daily life | DSM-5 gambling disorder |
| 16 | Having been preoccupied with the status of my investments or trading and have frequently checked on whether returns have gone up or down | FMGQ |
| 17 | My investments or trading has become increasingly speculative or risky over time | FMGQ |
| 18 | Having been restless or irritable when unable to be active in the markets, for example, when short of money, away on vacation, trying to cut back on my trading | FMGQ |
| 19 | Having felt uncomfortable when any cash accumulated in my brokerage account and have tried to quickly find a way to keep it in action | FMGQ |
| 20 | Having not opened brokerage statements to avoid having to think about my losses | FMGQ |
| 21 | Having felt excessive expectation or suspense when checking my stock prices | FMGQ |
SAI stock addiction inventory, PGSI problem gambling severity index, FMGQ financial markets gambling questionnaire, DSM-5 diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition