Table 2.

Weighted prevalence of self-reported edentulism according to characteristics of study population of adults aged 50+ years in China, Ghana, India and South Africa and pooled, SAGE Wave 1

Characteristics	China			Ghana			India			South Africa			Pooled data
	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI	N	%	95 % CI
Prevalence	1250	8.9	8.1–9.8	112	2.9	2.3–3.6	916	15.3	13.4–17.5	313	8.7	7.0–10.8	2591	10.9	9.9–11.9
Sex	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value	n	%	P-value
Male	555	44.4	<0.001	47	45.0	0.220	436	47.0	0.274	105	38.2	0.713	1143	44.7	0.004
Female	695	55.6		65	55.0		480	53.0		208	61.8		1448	55.3
Age group (years)
50–59	161	13.9	<0.001	27	24.9	<0.001	225	30.8	<0.001	105	36.5	0.072	518	22.0	<0.001
60–69	335	30.0		24	20.5		296	29.4		104	34.2		759	28.4
70–79	526	39.2		25	24.5		278	31.1		79	20.0		908	34.2
80+	228	16.9		36	30.1		117	8.7		25	9.3		406	15.4
Residence
Urban	540	42.1	0.005	58	59.3	0.020	245	35.4	0.074	277	83.7	<0.001	1120	36.2	0.036
Rural	710	57.9		54	45.7		671	64.6		36	16.3		1471	63.8
Highest education
No schooling	531	42.0	<0.001	74	62.2	0.551	499	55.5	0.100	36	10.0	0.004	1140	49.4	<0.001
Primary or less	464	39.5		17	17.9		259	25.8		176	51.5		916	33.1
Secondary	224	16.8		17	15.7		127	14.9		93	34.4		461	15.2
University	31	1.7		4	4.2		31	3.8		8	4.1		74	2.4
Wealth quintile
1 (Lowest)	386	26.6	<0.001	24	17.8	0.861	136	18.8	0.854	28	8.5	<0.001	574	23.7	<0.001
2	274	21.4		21	16.8		176	18.1		48	14.8		519	19.9
3	264	22.9		24	24.7		178	17.5		74	16.5		540	20.0
4	197	16.7		20	17.8		195	21.4		75	21.4		487	18.4
5 (Highest)	129	12.4		23	23.0		231	24.2		88	38.8		471	18.0
Smoking
Non-smoker	842	64.6	<0.001	85	72.6	0.300	429	48.1	0.150	187	57.6	0.020	1543	57.2	0.020
Daily smoker	273	23.7		9	6.7		385	42.2		94	29.6		761	32.3
Non-daily smoker	22	1.5		1	0.6		31	3.5		5	0.4		59	2.4
Former smoker	113	10.2		17	20.1		71	6.2		27	12.4		228	8.1
Alcohol use
Drinker	329	28.8	0.001	58	53.3	0.317	116	11.0	0.001	79	22.9	0.576	582	20.4	<0.001
Non-drinker	921	71.2		54	46.7		800	89.0		234	77.1		2009	79.6
Nutritional status
Inadequate	253	16.7	<0.001	75	66.9	0.816	798	89.4	0.500	235	74.2	0.207	1361	51.7	<0.001
Adequate	997	83.3		37	33.1		118	10.6		78	25.8		1230	48.3
Chronic conditions
Diabetes
Yes	101	7.8	0.210	8	9.0	0.012	77	8.4	0.135	68	18.0	0.001	254	7.7	0.067
No	1149	92.2		104	91.0		839	91.6		245	82.0		2337	92.3
Angina
Yes	173	11.8	0.001	7	10.1	0.011	55	5.7	0.827	33	7.2	0.146	268	8.6	0.018
No	1077	88.2		105	89.9		861	94.3		280	92.8		2323	91.4
Hypertension
Yes	465	34.5	<0.001	10	11.8	0.603	175	16.3	0.777	173	57.7	<0.001	823	25.5	0.026
No	785	65.5		102	88.2		741	83.7		140	42.3		1768	74.5