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The TGF-β1 level in BLM-treated A549 culture supernatants were significant higher than that in the normal control. A549 cells were incubated with BLM at various concentrations in serum-free medium for 48 h. Then, the culture supernatants were collected, and the concentrations of TGF-β1 were determined using an ELISA kit. The 20 µg/mL BLM treatment had the most significant effect. The experiments were performed three times, and the mean values ± SD are presented. (*P≤0.05), (**P≤0.01).
