Table 2.
Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE)
| CHE |
||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | Adjusted OR | 95% CI |
| Householder level | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.00 | |
| Female | 1.42 | 1.05 to 1.93 |
| Age (years) | ||
| ≤39 | 1.00 | |
| 40–59 | 1.33 | 0.74 to 2.38 |
| ≥60 | 1.54 | 0.80 to 2.97 |
| Education | ||
| Above college | 1.00 | |
| Middle or high school | 1.00 | 0.75 to 1.34 |
| Below elementary school | 1.29 | 0.96 to 1.75 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 1.00 | |
| Single | 1.00 | 0.53 to 1.91 |
| Divorced or separated | 0.58 | 0.40 to 0.84 |
| Self-rated health | ||
| Good | 1.00 | |
| Normal | 1.23 | 0.96 to 1.59 |
| Bad | 1.97 | 1.54 to 2.51 |
| Chronic disease | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.72 | 1.31 to 2.27 |
| Depression | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.47 | 1.23 to 1.76 |
| Economic status | ||
| Employed→employed | 1.00 | |
| Unemployed→employed | 0.95 | 0.59 to 1.53 |
| Employed→unemployed | 2.79 | 2.06 to 3.78 |
| Unemployed→unemployed | 1.57 | 1.28 to 1.92 |
| Household level | ||
| Income | ||
| High | 1.00 | |
| Middle | 1.55 | 1.11 to 2.18 |
| Low | 1.09 | 0.75 to 1.57 |
| Health insurance type | ||
| Health insurance | 1.00 | |
| Medical Aid | 0.61 | 0.46 to 0.81 |
| Number of people with a disability | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | |
| ≥1 | 1.26 | 1.05 to 1.51 |
| Number of people over 65 years | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | |
| 1 | 1.43 | 1.01 to 2.00 |
| ≥2 | 3.69 | 2.57 to 5.28 |
| Number of household members | ||
| 1 | 1.00 | |
| 2 | 1.42 | 1.01 to 1.99 |
| ≥3 | 1.27 | 0.86 to 1.87 |