. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 May 27;55(8):701–708. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.010

Table 2.

Risk of Lifetime Illicit Drug Use by Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events (PTE) Among Adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement (N=9,956)

		Lifetime Substance Use (Predicted Marginal Risk Ratio, 95% CI)^a
Potentially Traumatic Events^b		Marijuana	Cocaine	Nonmedical Prescription Drugs	Other Drugs	Multiple Drugs
		(n=2,241)	(n=234)	(n=483)	(n=302)	(n=590)

Interpersonal	Model 1	1.98 (1.74-2.26)^*	3.88 (2.8 1-5.37)^*	2.66 (1.84-3.83)^*	2.29 (1.57-3.34)^*	2.81 (2.12-3.71)^*
	Model 2	1.78 (1.54-2.07)^*	2.64 (1.75-3.98)^*	2.20 (1.49-3.27)^*	1.70 (1.12-2.57)^*	2.31 (1.69-3.15)^*
Accidental	Model 1	1.22 (1.03-1.44)^*	2.34 (1.49-3.67)^*	1.40 (0.86-2.28)	1.59 (1.08-2.34)^*	1.35 (0.98-1.86)
	Model 2	1.12 (0.94-1.33)	2.13 (1.34-3.38)^*	1.22 (0.75-2.01)	1.40 (0.96-2.03)	1.20 (0.88-1.65)
Witnessing	Model 1	1.29 (1.07-1.55)^*	1.20 (0.83-1.72)	1.18 (0.85-1.64)	1.58 (1.07-2.33)^*	1.25 (0.95-1.65)
	Model 2	1.17 (0.99-1.38)	0.92 (0.58-1.46)	1.09 (0.78-1.52)	1.45 (0.97-2.17)	1.11 (0.83-1.47)
Other	Model 1	1.65 (1.31-2.09)^*	1.45 (0.71-2.96)	2.19 (1.49-3.22)^*	1.88 (1.15-3.05)^*	1.79 (1.19-2.69)^*
	Model 2	1.48 (1.14-1.93)^*	1.14 (0.56-2.31)	1.84 (1.21-2.80)^*	1.58 (0.95-2.65)	1.46 (0.93-2.28)
Any PTE	Model 1	1.50 (1.33-1.69)^*	2.78 (1.95-3.97)^*	1.80 (1.29-2.51)^*	1.90 (1.37-2.63)^*	1.74 (1.37-2.20)^*
	Model 2	1.34 (1.20-1.50)^*	2.17 (1.48-3.17)^*	1.50 (1.07-2.10)^*	1.58 (1.12-2.23)^*	1.45 (1.14-1.84)^*
One PTE	Model 1	1.32 (1.19-1.48)^*	2.13 (1.26-3.58)^*	1.50 (1.02-2.20)^*	1.56 (1.03-2.36)^*	1.38 (1.02-1.87)^*
	Model 2	1.22 (1.11-1.35)^*	1.98 (1.21-3.25)^*	1.34 (0.91-1.98)	1.42 (0.95-2.14)	1.25 (0.94-1.68)
Two PTEs	Model 1	1.65 (1.37-1.99)^*	4.23 (2.73-6.55)^*	1.90 (1.20-3.01)^*	2.11 (1.32-3.39)^*	2.25 (1.57-3.21)^*
	Model 2	1.41 (1.15-1.72)^*	2.61 (1.44-4.73)^*	1.38 (0.81-2.33)	1.49 (0.82-2.73)	1.62 (1.04-2.52)^*
Three or More PTEs	Model 1	2.17 (1.72-2.74)^*	3.58 (1.88-6.81)^*	3.14 (1.95-5.06)^*	3.26 (2.05-5.19)^*	2.69 (1.82-3.97)^*
	Model 2	1.89 (1.47-2.43)^*	2.24 (1.18-4.22)^*	2.50 (1.53-4.09)^*	2.51 (1.54-4.10)^*	2.14 (1.41-3.23)^*

Model 1 logistic regression results adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parent income; Model 2 logistic regression results adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parent income, and parent substance use problems.

For specific event types and “Any PTE” models, the reference group is participants who reported no PTEs of that type. For number of PTEs, the reference group is participants who reported no PTEs, and the number of PTEs are included as a single categorical variable in each model.

p<.05