Table 1. Phylogenetic signal per EBDCS level 1 state categories.

	N	Prevalence	D-statistic		Phylogenetic signal
			Median	Range	p(D < 1)a	strengthb
Animal food	12	0.02	0.98	0.55–1.47	ns	weak
Environmental uses	18	0.03	0.90	0.56–1.27	ns	weak
Materials	15	0.03	0.88	0.61–1.21	ns	weak
Medicines	65	0.12	0.76	0.65–0.88	***	weak
Non-Vertebrate poisons	9	0.02	0.85	0.39–1.57	ns	weak
Social uses	8	0.01	0.82	0.15–1.51	ns	weak
Vertebrate poisons	46	0.08	1.06	0.90–1.26	ns	weak

Phylogenetic signal (D-statistic) on a randomly selected subset of 1,000 Bayesian trees within the 95% credible set of uses of Euphorbia³¹ classified into level 1 state categories according to the Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS). Out of all level 1 state categories only medicines shows phylogenetic signal (in bold). N: Number of species.

^a* 95% p < 0.05; *** all p < 0.005.

^bweak: <90% p(D > 0) > 0.05; moderate: 90% p(D > 0) > 0.05; strong: 95% p(D > 0) > 0.05; very strong: all p(D > 0) > 0.05.