Table 2.

Biological effects of alamandine.

Alamandine		References
Human ACE2 (hACE2) cells	Forming of alamandine by ACE2	[22]
Isolated rat heart	Forming of alamandine after perfusion with Ang 1–7
MrgD-transfected cells	Alamandine specifically binds to MrgD-cells abolished by AT2-agonist PD123319 No release induced by alamandine
Aortic rings FVB/N mice, Mas-deficient mice AT2-knockout mice, Wistar rats	Endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation attenuated by pretreatment with NO-synthase antagonist L-NAME completely blocked by Ang 1–7 antagonist d-Pro7 -Ang-(1–7) not influenced by Mas antagonist A-779 preserved in AT2- and Mas-deficient mice inhibited by preincubation with â-alanine
Aorta, iliac, carotid, and renal artery New Zealand White rabbits	No direct vasoactive effect, vasodilation mediated by acetylcholine ↑ acetylcholine-mediated vasodiation in aorta and iliac artery of healthy animals no effect on acetylcholin-mediated vasodilation in carotid artery ↓ acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in the renal artery no vasoactive effect in vessels from animals fed with atherogenic diet ↓ Ang A-mediated vasoconstriction no effect on Ang II-mediated vasoconstriction	[20]
Fisher rats microinjection into rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla	Rostral ventrolateral medulla–pressor effect caudal ventrolateral medulla–depressor effect blocked by Ang 1–7 antagonist D-Pro7-Ang-(1–7) not influenced by Mas antagonist A-779	[22]
Spontaneously hypertensive rats single dosis of alamandine	Long-term antihypertensive effect
Isoproterenol-treated Wistar rats 50 µg/kg/day alamandine	↓ Collagen I, III, and fibronectin in the heart
Sprague-Dawley rats intracerebral ventricular infusion	↑ Bradycardic component of the baroreflex	[24]