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The structure of set glass ionomer cement and mechanism of bonding with tooth structure. The structure consists of unset glass particles which are ionically bonded to the cross-linked polyacrylate matrix via a gelation reaction. Bonding is achieved by the ionic interaction of the carboxylate groups (-COO−) with the apatite crystals present in the tooth structure. In nano-filled ionomers, clusters of nano-sized fillers or bioceramics can be present embedded in the cement matrix.
