| Ob-R | leptin receptor |
| AIS | adolescent idiopathic scoliosis |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CHC | clathrin heavy chain |
| RASO | relative anterior spinal overgrowth |
| BMP | bone morphogenetic protein |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| PFA | Paraformaldehyde |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| DAPI | 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| GSH | l-glutathione |
| GAGs | Glycosaminoglycans |
| SNS | sympathetic nervous system |
| PVDF | Polyvinylidene Difluoride |