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. 2016 Jul 28;6:30759. doi: 10.1038/srep30759

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Performances of perovskite photovoltaic cells according to various hole transport layers; (a) open circuit voltage (V_oc), (b) short circuit current (J_sc), (c) fill factor (FF), (d) power conversion efficiency (PCE), and (e) J-V characteristics. The scale bars in (a–d) are indicating standard deviations. (f) J-V characteristics of PV cell having 45-nm-thick NiO according to the scan rate in forward direction. All data were measured at AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm⁻² intensity).