Table 2.
Ultrasound Cohort Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes
| Parameter | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) total fluoroscopic screening time (seconds) | 79.2 ± 38.6 | 56.2 ± 42.8 | 26.0 ± 23.6 | 22.6 ± 20.9 | 11.1 ± 14.3 | 33.4 ± 35.3 | <0.01 |
| Mean (SD) total radiation exposure dose (mGy) | 15.1 ± 11.7 | 13.1 ± 11.3 | 6.0 ± 6.8 | 4.1 ± 4.9 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 7.0 ± 8.7 | <0.01 |
| Mean (SD) total operative time (minutes) | 190.1 ± 74.4 | 150.3 ± 45.3 | 136.6 ± 39.4 | 117.7 ± 41.7 | 124.2 ± 37.7 | 143.8 ± 55.3 | <0.01 |
| Success in puncture with US-guided, n (%) | 6 (30.0) | 15 (75.0) | 17 (85.0) | 19 (95.0) | 20 (100.0) | 77 (77.0) | <0.01 |
| Puncture approach | |||||||
| Lower calix | 12 (60.0) | 5 (25.0) | 7 (35.0) | 7 (35.0) | 5 (25.0) | 36 (36.0) | 0.11 |
| Middle calix | 3 (15.0) | 9 (45.0) | 4 (20.0) | 4 (20.0) | 5 (25.0) | 25 (25.0) | |
| Upper calix | 4 (20.0) | 2 (10.0) | 8 (40.0) | 8 (40.0) | 8 (40.0) | 30 (30.0) | |
| Multiple tracts | 1 (5.0) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 9 (9.0) | |
| Mean (SD) postoperative serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.12 ± 0.76 | 1.02 ± 0.57 | 0.88 ± 0.31 | 0.92 ± 0.43 | 0.93 ± 0.30 | 0.97 ± 0.50 | 0.58 |
| Mean (SD) difference in preoperative and postoperative serum hematocrit (%) | 3.1 ± 5.2 | 5.1 ± 4.3 | 3.1 ± 5.4 | 5.0 ± 5.4 | 5.6 ± 3.3 | 4.4 ± 4.8 | 0.33 |
| Mean (SD) hospital stay | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.16 |
| Postoperative complication, n (%) | |||||||
| None | 18 (90.0) | 16 (80.0) | 19 (95.0) | 18 (90.0) | 18 (90.0) | 89 (89.0) | 0.65 |
| Complication | 2 (10.0) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (10.0) | 11 (11.0) | |
| Grade 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Grade 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 9 | |
| Grade 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
| Grade 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Grade 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Stone-free status, n (%) | |||||||
| Stone-free | 17 (85.0) | 18 (90.0) | 20 (100.0) | 17 (85.0) | 16 (80.0) | 88 (88.0) | 0.14 |
| Insignificant residual stone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) | 5 (5.0) | |
| Significant residual stone | 3 (15.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.0) | 7 (7.0) | |
| Secondary procedure, n (%) | 3 (15.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (3.0) | <0.05 |
US = ultrasonography.