. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 28.

Published in final edited form as: J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Dec 5;21(3):419–423. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.051201

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants With and Without Hyperkyphotic Posture

Characteristic	Mean ± SD or number (%)		p
Characteristic	No hyperkyphotic posture (N = 492)	Hyperkyphotic posture (defined as ≥1 block) (N = 104)	p
Age (years)	69.1 ± 8.8	77.6 ± 8.1	<0.0001
Clinical fracture	257 (52.2)	69 (66.4)	0.007
Clinical spine fracture	11 (2.2)	10 (9.6)	0.0002
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.5 ± 3.7	25.3 ± 4.2	0.05
Physical activity (>3 times/week)	365 (75.1)	55 (52.9)	<0.0001
Current smoking	54 (11.2)	9 (8.7)	0.50
Alcohol use (>12 drinks/past year)	386 (79.4)	68 (65.4)	0.002
Hip BMD (g/cm²)	0.82 ± 0.13	0.74 ± 0.14	<0.0001
Spine BMD (g/cm²)	0.92 ± 0.18	0.87 ± 0.19	0.007
Fallen in past year	115 (23.5)	34 (32.7)	0.05