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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015 Jun 17;50(10):1577–1591. doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1083-5

Table 3.

Associations of lifetime mental disorders at T1 and first-onset disorders after T1 but before educational transitions with educational attainment at T2 in respondents of National Comorbidity Survey and National Comorbidity Survey follow-up according to student status at T1. All disorder groups were entered into the models at the same time.

Mental disorders Students at T1 Non-students at T1
Model 1:
graduating from
high schoola
(N=407)		 Model 2:
going to
collegeb
(N=417)		 Model 3:
Completing ≥4
years of collegec
(N=404)		 Model 1:
graduating from
high schoola
(N=582)		 Model 2:
going to
collegeb
(N=1,731)		 Model 3:
completing ≥4
years of collegec
(N=1,701)
AORd 95% CI AORd 95% CI AORd 95% CI AORd 95% CI AORd 95% CI AORd 95% CI
T1 lifetime disorders
  Bipolar disorder 6.75 1.09–41.83* 0.74 0.19–2.83 0.90 0.08–9.96 1.29 0.43–3.89 0.34 0.13–0.84* 1.05 0.46–2.39
  Any fear disorder 0.60 0.20–1.79 0.87 0.39–1.97 0.68 0.43–1.08 0.53 0.33–0.84** 1.07 0.79–1.45 0.94 0.74–1.21
  Any anxiety-misery disorder 1.75 0.42–7.31 0.38 0.18–0.82* 0.79 0.42–1.50 1.97 1.14–3.38* 0.89 0.62–1.27 1.06 0.85–1.32
  Any externalizing disorder 0.31 0.12–0.80* 1.65 0.94–2.89 0.63 0.37–1.06 0.81 0.50–1.32 0.98 0.75–1.27 0.98 0.77–1.25
Chi-squared test for lifetime
disorders at T1 (df=4)		 8.8 10.3* 13.0* 12.4* 7.9 0.4
Mental disorders with first onset
after T1 and prior to
educational transition
  Bipolar disorder 1.49 0.16–14.01 0.69 0.22–2.11 0.33 0.13–0.85* 0.35 0.09–1.30 1.45 0.61–3.45 1.20 0.84–1.70
  Any fear disorder 0.19 0.08–0.44*** 1.11 0.63–1.94 1.55 0.91–2.65 1.20 0.65–2.23 1.15 0.78–1.68 1.04 0.83–1.29
  Any anxiety-misery disorder 0.27 0.06–1.22 0.76 0.31–1.84 0.47 0.23–0.96 0.94 0.37–2.43 1.35 0.82–2.23 1.11 0.77–1.59
  Any externalizing disorder 0.62 0.27–1.42 0.95 0.49–1.85 1.04 0.63–1.72 0.67 0.42–1.05 0.92 0.59–1.45 0.89 0.58–1.38
Chi-squared tests for disorders
with onset after T1 prior to
educational transition (df=4)		 19.9** 1.1 16.3** 5.2 3.0 1.4
Overall chi-squared
test (df=8)		 37.4*** 11.9 35.6*** 18.9* 12.0 2.0

Note: T1 represents the baseline National Comorbidity Survey conducted in 1990–1992 and T2, the National Comorbidity Survey-2 conducted in 2001–2003. AOR stands for adjusted odds ratio; CI for confidence interval.

a

Respondents with <12 years of education at T1 (students with less than 7 years of education were excluded).

b

Respondents with ≤12 years of education at T1 and ≥12 years of education at T2 (students with less than 7 years of education were excluded).

c

Respondents with ≤15 years of education at T1 and ≥13 years of education at T2 (students with less than 7 years of education were excluded).

d

Results are from discrete time survival models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level at baseline, highest education level of household bread winner when growing up, education completed at T1 and education year pairs. All groups of mental disorders was entered simultaneously in the model.

*

Significant at the 0.05 level, 2-sided test

**

Significant at the 0.001 level, 2-sided test

***

Significant at the 0.0001 level, 2-sided test