A) DLD1, HCT116, HT-29, LS513, and RKO cells exhibited CYP1A1 mRNA upregulation following I3C treatment. With cell growth in logarithmic phase, cells were treated with either 500 μM I3C or 0.01% DMSO for 24 hours. Total RNA was harvested and reverse transcribed. Data are presented as relative fold induction of CYP1A1 mRNA of I3C treated cells over DMSO treated cells (controlled to internal levels of β-actin) ± standard error (representing at least three discrete experiments). “*” indicates statistical significance between I3C treated mRNA levels and vehicle (DMSO- μM) ) controls (p<0.05).