Table 4. IRI test results for all participants by sex.
| All | Male | Female | p* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 421) | (n = 231) | (n = 190) | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Median | Mean | SD | Median | Mean | SD | Median | ||
| TES | 59.8 | 10.4 | 60 | 55.8 | 9.4 | 56 | 64.7 | 9.3 | 65 | < 0.001 |
| CES | 31.8 | 6.7 | 32 | 29.9 | 6.5 | 30 | 34.0 | 6.4 | 34 | < 0.001 |
| PT | 17.3 | 3.8 | 18 | 17.0 | 4.0 | 17 | 17.7 | 3.6 | 18 | 0.09 |
| FT | 14.5 | 4.7 | 14 | 12.9 | 4.44 | 13 | 16.3 | 4.4 | 16 | < 0.001 |
| EES | 28.0 | 5.8 | 28 | 25.8 | 5.3 | 26 | 30.7 | 5.2 | 31 | < 0.001 |
| EC | 17.0 | 3.0 | 17 | 16.1 | 2.99 | 16 | 18.0 | 2.8 | 18 | < 0.001 |
| PD | 11.1 | 4.2 | 11 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 9 | 12.8 | 3.9 | 13 | < 0.001 |
TES: trait empathy score, CES: cognitive empathy score, PT: perspective taking; FT: fantasy; EES: emotional empathy score. EC: empathic concern; PD: personal distress.
* p values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney-U-Test.