Table 3. Comparison of the percentage of correct answers for emotion recognition in FEP, BPD and HC.
Unadjusted and adjusted analyses.
| Unadjusted analyses | |||||
| Emotion recognition | FEPa (N = 64) | BPDb (N = 37) | HCc (N = 137) | Kruskal-Wallis test | |
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | χ2(df = 2) | p-value | |
| Neutral | 78.3 (16.6)c | 74.2 (14.4)c | 83.9 (11.7)a,b | 14.52 | 0.0007 |
| Happiness | 88.4 (11.5) | 86.5 (13.5) | 90.4 (9.7) | 2.61 | 0.2709 |
| Fear | 50.7 (20.1) | 56.1 (17.4) | 53 (19.5) | 1.96 | 0.3758 |
| Anger | 58.5 (22.2)c | 65.2 (21.2) | 68.1 (21.3)a | 8.29 | 0.0158 |
| Recognition | 69 (11.5)c | 70.5 (10.4) | 73.8 (9.7)a | 11.81 | 0.0027 |
| Adjusted analyses* | |||||
| Emotion recognition | FEP (N = 64) | BPD (N = 37) | HC (N = 137) | p-value | |
| β | β | β | FEP vs. HC | BPD vs. HC | |
| Neutral | -4.89 | -8.48 | Ref. | 0.0343 | 0.0027 |
| Happiness | -1.53 | -3.48 | Ref. | 0.4012 | 0.1174 |
| Fear | -0.26 | 3.48 | Ref. | 0.9347 | 0.3744 |
| Anger | -8.84 | -2.06 | Ref. | 0.0152 | 0.6406 |
| Recognition | -3.88 | -2.63 | Ref. | 0.0249 | 0.2092 |
a,b,c Superscript letters indicate significant differences among groups by Scheffe test for multiple comparison.
* Comparison of the percentage of correct answers for emotion recognition between groups adjusting for WAIS, age and sex by means of the general linear models.
SD: standard deviation; df: degrees of freedom; β: beta parameter estimated from the general linear model, considering the healthy controls (HC) as reference group; Ref: Reference group.