Table 2. Differences in three-dimensional measurements are shown for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) subjects and the thoracic (T4-T12) and lumbar (L1-L5) spine in matched controls.

	AIS (n = 77)	Controls (n = 22)	P
Main thoracic curve parameters:
Coronal Cobb (°)	58 ± 14	n.a.	n.a.
Axial rotation (°)	+24 ± 9	+1 ± 3	<0.001
Δ(A-P)* (%)	+3.8 ± 2.8	-4.1 ± 1.8	<0.001
(Thoraco)lumbar curve parameters:
Coronal Cobb (°)	37 ± 16	n.a.	n.a.
Axial rotation (°)	-9 ± 9	-1 ± 5	0.001
Δ(A-P) (%)	+9.4 ± 2.5	+7.8 ± 3.6	0.021

Δ(A-P) = anterior-posterior length discrepancy; n.a. = not applicable; n.s. = not significant.

* Positive values indicated greater anterior curve length. Percentages are shown relative to total posterior length of the curve.