Table 1. Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors.
| All patients | Survivors | Non-survivors | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 202 | n = 141 | n = 61 | ||
| Age, years | 0.5 [0.2–1.5] | 0.4 [0.2–1.1] | 0.9 [0.3–2.7] | 0.008 |
| Infants, n | 138 (68.3) | 104 (73.8) | 34 (55.7) | 0.011 |
| Children, n | 65 (32.0) | 39 (27.7) | 25 (41.0) | 0.062 |
| Body weight, kg | 7.6 [5.5–10] | 7.5 [5.3–10] | 8 [5.7–14.3] | 0.084 |
| Male, n | 107 (53.0) | 74 (52.5) | 33 (54.1) | 0.833 |
| PIM2 | 4.2 [2.1–22.0] | 2.8 [2.0–8.2] | 21.0 [7.5–63.8] | <0.001 |
| Early fluid balance, during the first 24 hours after PICU admission | ||||
| Early fluid accumulation, % | 0.91 [-0.44–2.82] | 0.62 [-0.47–2.19] | 3.00 [-0.23–5.28] | <0.001 |
| Fluid intake, L | 0.77 [0.47–1.25] | 0.75 [0.45–1.11] | 0.92 [0.59–1.78] | 0.003 |
| Fluid output, L | 0.59 [0.36–1.05] | 0.63 [0.41–1.02] | 0.49 [0.17–1.19] | 0.174 |
| The maximum daily fluid balance, during the 2 to 7 day period following admission | ||||
| PICU-acquired fluid accumulation, % | 3.48 [1.73–4.83] | 3.27 [1.66–4.61] | 4.27 [2.74–6.56] | 0.054 |
| Fluid intake, L | 0.90 [0.70–1.36] | 0.80 [0.70–1.27] | 1.06 [0.74–1.85] | 0.036 |
| Fluid output, L | 0.69 [0.50–1.00] | 0.67 [0.51–0.92] | 0.82 [0.46–1.13] | 0.397 |
| AKIa, n | 36 (17.8) | 18 (12.8) | 18 (29.5) | 0.004 |
| Need for RRTa, n | 40 (19.8) | 20 (14.2) | 20 (32.8) | 0.002 |
| ALIa, n | 85 (42.1) | 36 (25.5) | 49 (80.3) | <0.001 |
| Shocka, n | 59 (29.2) | 34 (24.1) | 25 (41.0) | 0.015 |
| DICa, n | 25 (12.4) | 7 (5.0) | 18 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| MODSa, n | 52 (25.7) | 19 (13.5) | 33 (54.1) | <0.001 |
| MVa, n | 92 (45.5) | 40 (28.4) | 52 (85.2) | <0.001 |
| Duration of MV, hours | 0 [0–58.5] | 0 [0–55] | 23 [3.5–79.5] | <0.001 |
| Therapies received in the PICU | ||||
| Inotropic score | 0 [0-5] | 0 [0–2.5] | 0 [0-15] | <0.001 |
| Inotrope, n | 65 (32.2) | 35 (24.8) | 30 (49.2) | <0.001 |
| Inotropeb, n | 58 (28.7) | 32 (22.7) | 26 (42.6) | 0.002 |
| Steroid, n | 140 (69.3) | 94 (66.7) | 46 (75.4) | 0.247 |
| Change in antibiotics, n | 24 (11.9) | 22 (15.6) | 2 (3.3) | 0.016 |
| Furosemide, n | 142 (70.3) | 90 (63.8) | 52 (85.2) | <0.001 |
| Hemofiltration, n | 12 (5.9) | 7 (5.0) | 5 (8.2) | 0.372 |
Values are median [interquartile range]. Numbers in parentheses denote percentages. AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute lung injury; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; FO, fluid overload; MODS, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome; MV, mechanical ventilation; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PIM2, pediatric index of mortality 2; RRT, renal replacement therapy.
aDeveloped or administered during PICU stay.
bAdministration during the first day after PICU admission.
P value, comparison between survivors and non-survivors.