Table 3. Comparison of secondary outcomes between severe septic patients with and without fluid overload.
| Early fluid overload | PICU-acquired daily fluid overload | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5% (n = 161) | ≥5% (n = 41) | P | <5% (n = 118) | ≥5% (n = 36) | P | |
| AKIa, n | 19 (11.8) | 17 (41.5) | <0.001 | 15 (12.7) | 11 (30.6) | 0.012 |
| Need for RRTa, n | 21 (13.0) | 19 (46.3) | <0.001 | 15 (12.7) | 13 (36.1) | 0.001 |
| ALIa, n | 56 (34.8) | 29 (70.7) | <0.001 | 47 (39.8) | 12 (33.3) | 0.483 |
| Shocka, n | 37 (23) | 22 (53.7) | <0.001 | 27 (22.9) | 12 (33.3) | 0.207 |
| DICa, n | 13 (8.2) | 12 (29.3) | <0.001 | 7 (5.9) | 6 (16.7) | 0.043 |
| MODSa, n | 31 (19.3) | 21 (51.2) | <0.001 | 21 (17.8) | 11 (30.6) | 0.099 |
| MVa, n | 61 (37.9) | 31 (75.6) | <0.001 | 51(43.2) | 15 (41.7) | 0.869 |
| Duration of MV, hours | 0 [0–60.5] | 8 [0.5–38] | 0.012 | 0 [0–91.5] | 0 [0–126] | 0.299 |
| PICU LOSb, days | 4 [2–9] | 1 [1–5.5] | <0.001 | 5.5 [3–10] | 5.5 [4–14] | 0.445 |
| PICU LOSc, days | 5 [3–9.3] | 5 [2–10] | 0.602 | 6 [3–10] | 6 [4–10.8] | 0.469 |
| Death, n | 31 (19.3) | 30 (73.2) | <0.001 | 21 (17.8) | 12 (33.3) | 0.047 |
Values are median [interquartile range]. Numbers in parentheses denote percentages. AKI, acute kidney injury; ALI, acute lung injury; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; LOS, length of stay; MODS, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome; MV, mechanical ventilation; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; RRT, renal replacement therapy. Early fluid overload: fluid overload occurring in the first 24 hours of PICU admission analyzed in all patients. PICU-acquired daily fluid overload: the maximum daily fluid accumulation occurring during the next 6 days in patients with at least 48 hours of PICU stay.
aDeveloped or administered during PICU stay.
bLength of stay of all patients.
cLength of stay of survivors.