Fig 8. An in vivo murine calvarial model of particle-induced osteolysis demonstrates Cobalt-alloy debris co-challenge with TLR4 induces osteolysis but not more than Cobalt alloy alone.

C57BL/6 12 wk old male mice either received (n = 5 per group): (1) sham-surgery (sterile PBS), (2) 2 mg/mouse calvaria of endotoxin-free Cobalt-alloy particles, (3) 5 μg/mL LPS or (4) Cobalt-alloy/LPS+. 10 days later, calvaria were retrieved and analyzed by microCT. (A) Representative images (n = 1/5) and (B) Graphical representation of the percentage decrease in bone thickness relative to sham controls (average of n = 5 per group). (C) IL-1β and TNF-α cytokine production by isolated peritoneal male C57BL/6 macrophages after 20 h of in vitro challenge (performed in triplicate). Note: * p<0.05.