Fig 5. Effect of the combined treatment of permeabilizers on the permeabilization of C. glutamicum expressing DAEase from F. plautii for the production of d-allulose from d-fructose.

The concentrations of penicillin, span 20, and toluene used were 20 mg/L, 2% (w/v), and 10% (v/v), respectively. The reactions were performed in 50 mM PIPES buffer (pH 7.0) containing 7.5 g/L cells and 50 mM d-fructose at 65°C for 10 min. Data represent the means of three separate experiments and error bars represent the standard deviation.