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. 2016 Jul 25;11:1647–1655. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S108698

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© 2016 Shukla et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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CSE increases the adhesion of the NTHi strains and S. pneumoniae to BEAS-2B cells.

Notes: (A) Control BEAS-2B cells showing few FITC-tagged S. pneumoniae 132 cells adhering to BEAS-2B cells. (B) BEAS-2B cells exposed to CSE (1%) show increased attachment of FITC-tagged S. pneumoniae to BEAS-2B cells. All micrographs show BEAS-2B cells with PAFr expression (anti-PAFr monoclonal antibody; 1:100, red) and nuclei stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (1:5,000, blue). Magnification =×400. (C) S. pneumoniae clinical isolate 132. (D) NTHi reference strain NCTC-4560. (E) NTHi clinical isolate RHH3. Bars represent standard error of the mean.

Abbreviations: CSE, cigarette smoke extract; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; h, hours; NTHi, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae; PAFr, platelet-activating factor receptor; S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae.