Figure 4. Lifetime risk of selected tumors in Cowden syndrome.

Summary of 109 reported cases diagnosed with Cowden syndrome. Patients suffering from Cowden syndrome, a rare inherited disease characterized in part by benign neoplasia growth throughout the body, are at high risk of several tumors, including breast cancer (37% lifetime risk), brain tumor (20% lifetime risk), thyroid cancer (14% lifetime risk), and endometrial cancer (10% lifetime risk).