Table 1.

Effects of E2 (estradiol), PPT (ERa agonist), DPN (ERβ agonist), testosterone (Ttt) or vehicle on responses of VMN neurons to HA (histamine) or NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) administered by bath application (Bath) or by spritzer.

E2 or related agents	Transmitter Agents			n	HA or NMDA induced changes in Vm (mV) at:
	Agent	Applied by	Responsea		Before hormone	+ Hormone
							Effectb	% over Pre	p valuec
E2 (10 nM)	HA	Bath	DP	10	1.91 ± .27	3.32 ± .43	↑	181 ± 13	< .001
				9	4.2 ± .84	4.43 ± .99	↔	106 ± 2.8	ns
				1	3.1	1.95	↓	41	n/a
			HP	3	−4.8 ± 2.58	2.55 ± .74	←	189 ± 43	<0.05d
				4	−3.99 ± .27	−2.03 ± .38	↓	61 ± 9	<0.05
				4	−0.7 ± .32	−0.7 ± .37	↔	104 ± 4	ns
			NR	5	∼0	∼0	↔	∼100	n/a
E2 (10–50 nM)		Spritzer	DP	10	38.8 ± 28.1	53.5 ± 34.1	↑	197 ± 21	<0.05
			DP, HP	15	34.6 ± 12.4	35.0 ± 12.7	↔	103 ± 2	ns
			HP	2	−2.2 ± 0.5	−1.4 ± 0.5	↓	60 ± 7	<0.05
		Spritzer K+-only	DP	8	1.25±0.20	1.98±0.31	↑	170 ±18	<0.005
			DP	2	2.32±1.08	2.12±0.75	↔	98 ±13	ns
			DP	2	0.49±0.06	0.24±0.00	↓	49 ±6	ns
			HP	3	−1.30±0.05	−0.23±0.23	↓	17 ±17	<0.03
PPT (100 nM)		Spritzer	DP	8	4.46 ± 0.69	6.2 ± 0.66	↑	159 ± 17	<0.05e
			DP	1	5.11	6.29	↔	113	n/a
DPN (100 nM)		Spritzer	DP	3	8.7 ± 1.34	13.7 ± 2.61	↑	158 ± 35	ns
			DP	7	6.45 ± 1.32	7.48 ± 1.94	↔	107 ± 1	ns
			DP	2	5.5 ± 0.03	3.3 ± 0.16	↓	74 ± 4	ns
Ttt (10nM)		Bath	DP, HP	6	0.5 ± .31	0.57 ± .37	↔	102 ± 4	ns
E2 (10–50 nM)	NMDA	Bath	DP	21	7.15 ± 0.83	10.8 ± 1.2	↑	138 ± 11	<0.001
			DP	19	13.8 ± 1.6	12.7 ± 1.7	↔	96 ± 4	ns
		Spritzer	DP	2	6.15 ± 2.45	8.40 ± 3.80	↑	133 ± 9	n/a
			DP	5	12.1 ± 2.0	12.2 ± 2.3	↔	99 ± 4	ns
Vehicle		Bath	DP	7	13.4 ± 2.5	13.1 ± 2.6	↔	99 ± 5	ns

^aDP stands for depolarization; HP for hyperpolarization; and NR for no response.

^b↑, potentiation; ↔, no effect; ↓, attenuation; and ←, reversal.

^cmatched t test; 2-tailed unless otherwise indicated.

^done-tailed

^eANOVA