Overexpression of Cad-11 in PAVICs increases GTP-RhoA (A,B) and Sox9 (C,D) expression two days post-transfection, which is attenuated by Y27632 treatment. Sox9 is colocalized to the nucleus (white arrowheads, E,F) in Cad-11 overexpressing PAVICs and expressed mostly in the cytoplasm of control and Y27632 treated cells (n=4). Fluorescence intensity was divided by cell area and normalized to controls. Bars that do not share any letters are significantly different according to a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (p<0.005, n≥20 cells). Scale bar=50μm.